Eagle dollar

The so-called eagle dollar, also known as the eagle piaster, eagle groschen or Aquilino, is a historically significant trade coin denomination that dates back to the Mexican 8-real coin and later to the 19th-century peso. The name ‘eagle dollar’ derives from the distinctive coin design: an eagle sitting on a cactus and holding a snake in its beak – the traditional coat of arms of Mexico. This powerful and symbolic motif made the coin internationally unmistakable and contributed significantly to the coining of its popular name. Numismatically, the eagle dollar is one of the most important circulation and trade coins of the 19th century. Originally minted in Mexico, the 8-real coin spread throughout much of the world – from Asia to Europe and the Middle East – due to its consistent fineness and high silver content. This coin was a widely accepted means of payment, particularly in China, Southeast Asia and the Ottoman Empire, and served as the de facto currency in many regions. The term ‘piastre’ refers to the Oriental name for large silver coins of Western origin at the time, while ‘Aquilino’ (derived from the Latin aquila – eagle) was commonly used in Europe. The high quality of the minting and the strong symbolic power of the Mexican coat of arms made the eagle dollar a valued reference coin in international trade. Even after the introduction of modern national currencies, the influence of this coin remained noticeable in many places. Its design, especially the image of the eagle with the snake, became an iconic element that had an impact far beyond Mexico’s borders. In numismatic collections, the eagle dollar is now considered a classic among trade coins and is highly sought after, especially in good condition. The different years, mints and small differences in the depiction of the eagle also offer an exciting field for specialised collectors. However, the significance of the eagle dollar goes beyond its material value. It is a testament to global economic integration in the 19th century, a numismatic symbol of international trade based on the silver standard and, at the same time, an expression of Mexican identity. Anyone who takes an interest in this coin will not only gain an insight into the technology and design of historical coinage, but also into the geopolitical and economic currents of an era when money was literally weighed.